Due to lack sufficient documentation, the exact date of Zarathustra’s birth is not clear. After the Arab invasion, almost all the existing written words were destroyed by the invaders. Therefore, historians have to base their search on relics of the past, antiquities, and any remaining documents written afterwards. However, as of yet they have not come up with an unanimous date. Some historians relate Zarathustra’s appearance to the fourth millennium BC, but the majority of the researchers record his birth in the middle of the sixth hundred BC, and his death to have occurred in 583 BC. The place of his birth is supposed to be either in the present state of Azerbaijan (Athropaten), or in south-east of Iran. They believe that he was killed on the steps of a temple in the city of Balkh, on 583 BC.
اندیشمند بزرگترین احساسش عشق است و هر عملش با خرد
Tuesday, April 6, 2010
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
زرتشت
به دلیل نداشتن مدارکِ کافی، تاریخِ دقیقِ ظهورِ زرتشت مشخص نیست. در دورهٔ اسلامی و زمانی که ایران مورد حملهٔ تازیان قرار گرفت، هر چه کتاب بود سوزانده شد. بنا براین پژوهشگران با توجه به آثار تاریخی و با استناد به مدارکی که سالهای بعد تاریخ نگاری شد، بررسی کرده و هنوز هم در مورد زرتشت اتفاق آرائ ندارند. بعضی معتقدند که زرتشت به چهار هزار سال پیش متعلق است، ولی اکثر محققین اعتقاد دارند که زرتشت در اواسط قرن ششم پیش از میلاد به دنیا آمد و در سال 583 قبل از میلاد بر روی پلههای معبد بلخ به قتل رسید. محّلِ تولد زرتشت به قولی در آذرآبادگان فعلی (اثروپاتن) و به قولی دیگر در جنوب شرقی ایران بوده است
Sunday, March 28, 2010
Identified Flying Objects
There are stray objects in our galaxy that astronomers have identified, named, categorized, and researched; or they have hypothesized these objects’ impacts on earth or on other objects in galaxy. Since these roaming around objects, with known chemical components, are mostly recognized, I would like to call them identified flying objects. Three of the most well known of these objects are: comets, asteroids, and meteoroids.
Monday, March 22, 2010
Norooz: Festival of Life
These days, in celebration of Norooz, one notices so much commotion, as it has always been the case. Iranians living abroad plan their new year by whose house or restaurant or cabaret to attend for celebration. Those living in Iran, if young, plan how to perform Chahar Shanbeh Soori (last Tuesday night celebration before the end of the year), in order to avoid the establishment’s confrontation. Older ones are busy, as usual, in providing for the festivities. House cleaning is in order as well. Some would like to know about the origination of Norooz, especially that Norooz was recognized this year as a national Iranian holiday by the UN.
Friday, March 12, 2010
نوروز: جشن زندگی
این روزها به مناسبت فرا رسیدنِ نوروز، مثلِ هر سال شور و شوق زیادی به چشم خورد. ایرانیانِ خارج از کشور در فکر هستند که به کدام میهمانی یا رستوران یا کاباره بروند. ایرانیان درون مرزی اگر جوان باشند در تهیّه مقدمات چهار شنبه سوری برای مقابله با رژیم هستند. مسّنترها هم طبق همیشه در تلاشِ معاش هستند، و تهیّهٔ خوراک و پوشاکِ نوروز. تمیز کردنِ خانه و محّلِ کار هم در دستورِ عمل است. بعضیها هم دوست دارند بدانند نوروز از کجا آمده و تاریخچهٔ آن چیست، بخصوص که امسال در سازمان ملل نوروز به عنوان یک جشن ملّیِ ایرانی ثبت شده است
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Sunday, February 28, 2010
گفتگو
گفتگو رد و بدل کردن کلام است. صحبت کردن ساده ترین نوع گفتگو است. صحبت کردن خود به انواع مختلفی تقسیم میشود از جمله نطق، سخنرانی، مناظره، و بحث. بحث در حقیقت تبادل افکار با روش و مقررات خاصّ خود است. کاملترین نوعِ بحث، دیالکتیک است. هر کدام از موارد ذکر شده در زیر شرح داده میشود
Sunday, February 21, 2010
A Childhood Memory
My father, who passed away about 13 years ago, was once a government official in the city of Qom. He was a pious person and because of his strong religious beliefs, he would travel to religious sites and mausoleums every so often.
Tuesday, February 16, 2010
خاطره پیش از انقلاب
پدر من که حدود ۱۳ سال است فوت کرده است زمانی رئیس یکی از ادارات قم بود. اعتقادات مذهبی او بسیار قوی بود و سالها بعد که در تهران و سایر شهرها زندگی میکرد برای زیارت به قبور متبرکه از جمله قم به آن نواحی سفر میکرد. هر بار به قم میرفت با دوستان قدیمش ملاقات میکرد.
Wednesday, February 10, 2010
Democracy
“Democracy” is driven from a Greek word. It can be broken down into two words: demos, meaning people, and kratia, meaning rule, strength, or might. Therefore, democracy means people ruling themselves. It implies that government is not a special group of trained bureaucrats, but all people participate in governing themselves.
Monday, February 8, 2010
دموکراسی
دموکراسی یک لغت یونانی است که از دو واژه دموس به معنی مردم و کراتیا به معنی حکومت تشکیل شده است. بنا براین دموکراسی یعنی حکومت مردم بر خودشان. منظور این است که حکومت توسط تعداد خاصی نیست بلکه کلیه آحاد مردم بر خود حکومت میکنند
Monday, February 1, 2010
کوه
آن قلّه که آحادِ برین بود همین بود؟
آن کوه که نمایندهٔ دین بود همین بود؟
آن قایدِ اعظم که ز آیاتِ عُظا م بود
آن کوه که نگهدارِ زمین بود همین بود؟
Thursday, January 28, 2010
Travel Diary
In my recent trip to Iran, I tried to have a conversation with every rank and age. Younger generation seems to be active in the new uprising, especially college students who have proven to be very effective in educating others. However, my conversation was mostly with the group who remembered the era before the revolution.
Wednesday, January 27, 2010
مشاهداتی از ایران
در سفر اخیر به ایران سعی کردم که با تمام اقشار جامعه در ارتباط باشم تا دیدگاه بهتری نسبت به وقایع ایران داشته باشم. گرچه من با جوانان ایران تماسی نداشتم و مشاهداتم در رابطه با اشخاصی بود که دورهٔ قبل از انقلاب را بخاطر میاوردند، ولی به نظر میرسید که جوانان، بخصوص دانشجویان، در رشد آگاهیهای مردم بسیار تاثیر داشته اند
Saturday, November 28, 2009
Love
Love has been the common expression, main subject, and the most popular word used in poetry worldwide. It has also been the subject of many other forms of art, such as painting, sculpture, novels, music, and films.
عشق
عشق از پر استفادهترین واژههای به کار رفته در شعر است. همچنین موضوع اصلی در هنرهای دیگر از جمله نقاشی، پیکر تراشی، نویسندگی، موسیقی، و سینما است. البته مهم است که عشق ابراز شده برای یک شخص، یک چیز، یک موقعیت، یا یک موضوع کاملا انتزاعی (مثل آفریدگار ) باشد.
Saturday, November 21, 2009
Thanksgiving
Many celebrations are seasonal, related to cultivation and farming, which signify preparing the land for plowing, seeding and planting, growing, and harvesting.
روز شکرگذاری
خیلی از اعیاد به دلیل ارتباطشان با کشاورزی از جمله کاشتن، پرورش دادن، و درو کردن، فصلی هستند. برداشت محصول همیشه بزرگترین جشنها را به همراه داشته است که به دلیل اتمام تلاش سالیانه کشاورزی است.
Friday, November 13, 2009
تاریخ
هرودوت مورخ یونانی از شهر هالیکارناسوس در قرن پنجم پیش از میلاد میزیست (از سال ۴۸۴ تا سال ۴۲۵ پیش از میلاد). در کشورهای غرب او را به عنوان پدر تاریخ میشناسند. او اولین تاریخ نویسی بود که بطور منظم تاریخ را ثبت، واقعیت اطلاعات را آزمایش، و به طرز چشمگیری آنها را تنظیم میکرد. شهرت او بیشتر برای نوشتن کتاب هیستوری است, که کلمه هیستوری لاتین به معنی تاریخ از این واژه گرفته شده است. هرودوت در این کتاب تاریخ جنگهای ایران و یونان را ثبت کرده است
تاریخ چیست؟ آیا تاریخ یک واقعیت مسّلم است یا یک رشته نظریه؟ با مطالعه وقایع تاریخی مثل ظهور و سقوط امپراتوریهای روم، یونان، و ایران، تفتیش عقاید قرون وسطا، انقلابات فرانسه و صنعتی، جنگهای جهانی، بیماریهای واگیر عمومی، حوادث طبیعی، اکتشافات بزرگ، و سایر حوادثی که دنیا را تغییر دادهاند به این سوالات میتوان پاسخ داد. ممکن است بعضی از اتفاقات که ثبت نشده اند اما نشانه های علمی دارند مثل بیگ بنگ، نابودی دایناسورها، و تحول اجتماعی را واقعهٔ تاریخی دانست. بطور کلی هر چیزی که در گذشته اتفاق افتاده و تاثیر عمیقی بر انسان و جهان گذاشته است تاریخ است. این نکته ضروری است که حرفی که توسط شخصی گفته شده صرفا نظر آن شخص است. شواهد و یا مدارک تاریخی همیشه قابل مطالعه وبررسی اند. موارد بیشماری ثبت شده است که بیگناهیِ شخصی که متهم به یک جرم بوده است، بعد از سالها زندانی یا گاهی بعد از اعدام او ثابت شده است. شما میدانید ده دقیقه پیش چه کرده اید، اما نظر من در مورد اینکه شما ده دقیقه پیش چه کرده اید فقط یک نظر است. حتا خود شما مطمئن نیستید که هر لحظه چه کرده اید، چه برسد به خاطرات بیست سال قبل. اشخاص با توجه به حضور ذهن خود اطلاعات بیشتر و یا کمتری از گذشته دارند. هر چه بیشتر در زمان به عقب بر میگردیم، جامعه و عناصر آن از ما دورتر میشوند، و خاطرات ما بی رنگتر میگردند.مدارک کمتر و اطلاعات کمتر احتمال واقعیت یک حادثه تاریخی را نیز کمتر میکنند. صحت تاریخی اطلاعات را بر سه منبع زیر میتوان دسته بندی کرد
هر شخصی هر چقدر هم خاطراتش خوب نباشد، بهتر از هر شخص دیگری میتواند اتفاقات مربوط به خود در گذشته را (مثلا بیست سال پیش) به خاطر بیاورد
دومین شخص مطلع از یک اتفاق کسی است که شاهد آن اتفاق بوده است
نفر سوم کسی است که در موقع اتفاق حضور نداشته است ولی اطلاعات او به اندازهای است که میتواند وقوع آن اتفاق را از روی شواهد و مدارک باز سازی کند. این اطلاعات شامل مصاحبه با شهود، مطالعه یادداشتهای شهود، مطالعه مدارک و تاثیر اتفاق بر محیط (مثل مدرک جرم یا فسیل) میباشد. بنابر این، تاریخ چیزی نیست جز نظریه و فرضیه؛ بعضی نظریات و فرضیهها قویتر از دیگران است. بهترین طریق ثبت یک اتفاق تاریخی با مشاهده (ثبت روی نوار) و تصویر برداری آن بطور کامل است. داشتن یک نمونه البته به طرح نظریه کمک میکند. همچنین تحقیق و مصاحبه و یا مشاهدهٔ شواهد, تاریخ نگری را به واقعیت نزدیکتر میکند. طبری برای جمع آوری تاریخ خود شاگردانش را نزد کسانی که اجدادشان زمان پیغمبر و خلفا و امامان بودند فرستاد تا از ذهنیت تاریخی آنها استفاده کند. این حقیقت یابی در زمان خود یگانه بود، که تاریخ او را ام التواریخ لقب داد
قدیمیترین سند ثبت شده تاریخی چیست؟ نقاشیهای روی غار در اروپا حدود بیست تا سی هزار سال عمر دارند. قدیمیترین تاریخ مکتوب باید بعد از زمانی باشد که نوشتن اختراع شد. تا زمانهای اخیر، قدیمیترین تاریخ مکتوب مربوط به سومر (عراق فعلی) میشد. سنگ نبشتهای ۵،۲۵۰ ساله از یک دره در بیابانهای مصر کشف شده که احتمال میرود که مربوط به دورهٔ امپراتوری سکرپین باشد. کاشفان این سنگ نبشته حدس میزنند که قدیمترین اثر تاریخی باشد. علاوه بر آن، آنها معتقد هستند که نوشته ها بسیار شبیه به هیرگلیف هستند, که بعدا اخترع شد.این سنگ نبشته که به مساحت ۴۵ در ۵۰ سانتیمتر است، به وسیلهٔ جان کلمن درنل از دانشگاه یل، و همسرش دبورا درنل که هر دو دیرین شناس هستند، در سال ۱۹۹۵ میلادی زمانی که مشغول مطالعه راههای تجارتی در غرب نیل بودند کشف شد
تاریخ وقایعی را که به وجود آمدن کهکشان و اولین موجود انجامیده تشریح میکند. تاریخ اخیر وقایعی را که موجب شد بشر به موقعیت فعلی برسد توضیح میدهند. متاسفانه بیشتر تاریخ بوسیله حاکمان نوشته شده و داستان جنگهای آنهاست، نه مردم عادی. صفحات تاریخ نشان میدهند به چه صورتی ما تحول پیدا کردیم. از تاریخ یاد میگیریم که با همهٔ اعتقادات خرافی و جرائم مختلف چگونه انسان سریعاً پیشرفت علمی میکند. افکار ما به سمت بهبودی همگانی جریان پیدا میکند. زمانی که ما در فکر بر آوردن احتیاجات تمام جامعه هستیم، در آن زمان دموکراسی قابل تحقّق است. علوم گذشته همراه با نظریات تاریخی بهترین وسیله برای پیشبرد فهم اجتماعی است. بدون توجه به تجربیات تاریخی گذشته هر کوششی برای تحقّق دمکراسی بی نتیجه است. وقتی که اتم توسط دمکریتوس در ۲۵۰۰ سال پیش نظریه پردازی شد، اهمیت آن تا قرنها نهفته بود. انتخاب طبیعی دریچه ای را باز کرد که طوفانی از دانش وارد شد و سالها طول خواهد کشید که تاثیر آن کاملا ظاهر شود. رایانهها آن چنان به صورت پیشرفت کردند که نمیتوان تصور کرد. اطلاعات الکترونیکی آن چنان پیشرفت کردند که هر لحظه اطلاع جدید به دست میاید (نرم افزارهائی روی رایانهها نصب میشوند که از ورود اطلاعات نخواسته جلوگیری میکنند). نقشه ژنها کشیده شدند و خیلی از بیماریها در
نطفه از بین میروند. دی . ان . ا. کاملا شناخته شده است و از آن برای امور علمی از جمله شناسایی استفاده میشود. تمام این پیشرفتها جهت بالا روند جامعه را نشان میدهند. تاریخ، چه داستان پادشاهان و خواجهها باشد یا اخترات و کشفهای علمی به منظور یادگیری از تجربیات گذشته و سازمان دادن به آنها برای مطالعه راههای رسیدن به هدفهای آینده، ضروری است
History
Herodotus of Halicarnassus was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC – 425 BC). He is regarded as the "Father of History" in Western culture. He was the first historian known to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent and arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative. He is almost exclusively known for writing The Histories (a word that passed into Latin and took on its modern meaning of history) a record of his "inquiries" into the origins of the Greco-Persian wars.
What is history? Is history a concrete fact or a chain of logical theories? We can examine this question by reviewing historical events, such as the rise and fall of Romans, Greeks, and Persians empires, inquisition in church dominated middle ages, the period of French and industrial revolutions, world wars, great epidemics, natural disasters, great discoveries, and other events that shaped the world. We may even consider unwritten/ discovered artifacts and evidence that began with a hypothesis (later to be proved as a fact) such as the big bang, disappearance of dinosaurs, and evolution, as history. In general, everything that happened in the past and has life shaping effect on the world and human, can be considered useful history. However, we have to be careful that a statement that is expressed by someone is merely that person’s perspective. A witness or a concrete evidence does not exist and an evidence or a witness is always in question. How many cases of criminal convictions do we know in which more evidence were brought forward later that the convicted or the executed criminal was proven to had been innocent, or at least the certainty of the crime became questionable? Therefore, it is important what is reliable history. Reliability has a direct correlation with the timing and source of the event. You know what you did ten minutes ago, but whatever I think what you did ten minutes ago is nothing but theory and speculation. Even you, yourself, cannot account for everything you do in every moment, set aside thinking about what you have done 20 years before. Knowledge of the past is more or less accurate depending upon the individual’s knowledge in relation to a certain event. As further back we go through time, the more distant the accuracy of our information would be, as the society and those living in that society become more removed from us. Less evidence and fewer documents would result in deficient information as well. We can summarize levels of accuracy of sources of data as following:
1) No matter how foggy the memory is, a person would know what he or she did in the past (say 20 years ago) more than anybody else who was present at the time of the event.
2) The second most knowledgeable person about that event would be the one who witnessed it, experimented it, or somehow had a close understanding of it.
3) The third knowledgeable person would be the one who was not present at the time of the event (say something that happened millions of years ago) but he or she could gather enough information, data, and evidence to build a theory about it. This information includes interviewing witnesses, reading notes or memoranda of the witnesses, examining the effect or the influence of the historical event on surroundings that can be compiled and examined today (such as crime evidence, DNA testing, fossils examination), and finding tested to be accurate artifacts and documents. Therefore, history is nothing but speculations and theories; some stronger and some weaker (with more or less evidence). The best historical evidence is observation (recording auditory or visually or both) and documentation (writing about the event in detail). It is also helpful to have some physical evidence, such as a sample. Investigation and interview of the witnesses have been proven useful. The history that Tabari wrote, especially the section related to the prophet and his followers was systematically organized by sending his pupils to interview descendants of those who lived at the time of the prophet and his followers, and socialized with them. His fact finding style was unique for the time, to call his book justifiably “the mother of histories”.
What is the oldest historical record? We have cave art that dates back to 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. Of course, the oldest written historical document had to be after 'writing' itself was invented. Until recently the oldest historical record had been the one discovered from Sumer (present day Iraq), appointing Sumerians inventors of writing. Carved in the limestone of a desert cliff in Egypt is a 5,250-year-old tableau of a victorious ruler, perhaps the so-called King Scorpion. The archaeologists who discovered the tableau say it may be the world's earliest historical document. More than that, they say, the inscribed scenes and symbols bear a strong resemblance to later hieroglyphs. The tableau, measuring 18 by 20 inches, was discovered in 1995 by John Coleman Darnell, a Yale Egyptologist, and his wife, Deborah Darnell, also a specialist in Egyptian archaeology, while they were surveying ancient trade routes in the desert west of the Nile.
History discloses events that explain formation of galaxy and origin of the first organism. Recent recorded history describes human actions in progressing to the present stage. Unfortunately, most of the history contains stories of kings and emperors and those with military power, not the populace. Reading pages of history explains how rapidly we have been evolving. We learn from history that with all the supernatural beliefs and all the crimes committed and criminals ruling nations, human being has been rapidly excelling, culturally and scientifically. Our thoughts are narrowing down to the direction of welfare of all. When we aim at satisfying the needs of all, we can achieve the democracy. Science of the past combined with historical theories are the best tools to guide us through a bright path that increasingly improves on the human understandings. Without the knowledge and understanding of the past events and their outcomes, any struggle in democratization of societies would be in vain. When atom was theorized by Democritus 2500 years ago, the impact of that was not known for hundreds of years. Natural selection concept opened a window that led a storm of knowledge in, that will take years to digest it all. Computing machines have advanced so rapidly that we cannot find any technology improving so fast. Information system has grown so quickly that we can no longer avoid being bombarded with information every minute (many software applications are written as a shield to protect us from un-wanted information). Map of genome was organized and biology has advanced so much that many health problems can be detected and fixed at its roots. DNA classification has become a common practice, and it is used for identification purposes, as well as other scientific reasons. All of these advancements in science, that have been achieved using the historical documents in learning experimentations and observations of predecessors, represent the trend of the society. Any part of the history, whether scientific discoveries or stories of kings and eunuchs are necessary in order to organize our thoughts in studying ways to achieve our goals in the future.
What is history? Is history a concrete fact or a chain of logical theories? We can examine this question by reviewing historical events, such as the rise and fall of Romans, Greeks, and Persians empires, inquisition in church dominated middle ages, the period of French and industrial revolutions, world wars, great epidemics, natural disasters, great discoveries, and other events that shaped the world. We may even consider unwritten/ discovered artifacts and evidence that began with a hypothesis (later to be proved as a fact) such as the big bang, disappearance of dinosaurs, and evolution, as history. In general, everything that happened in the past and has life shaping effect on the world and human, can be considered useful history. However, we have to be careful that a statement that is expressed by someone is merely that person’s perspective. A witness or a concrete evidence does not exist and an evidence or a witness is always in question. How many cases of criminal convictions do we know in which more evidence were brought forward later that the convicted or the executed criminal was proven to had been innocent, or at least the certainty of the crime became questionable? Therefore, it is important what is reliable history. Reliability has a direct correlation with the timing and source of the event. You know what you did ten minutes ago, but whatever I think what you did ten minutes ago is nothing but theory and speculation. Even you, yourself, cannot account for everything you do in every moment, set aside thinking about what you have done 20 years before. Knowledge of the past is more or less accurate depending upon the individual’s knowledge in relation to a certain event. As further back we go through time, the more distant the accuracy of our information would be, as the society and those living in that society become more removed from us. Less evidence and fewer documents would result in deficient information as well. We can summarize levels of accuracy of sources of data as following:
1) No matter how foggy the memory is, a person would know what he or she did in the past (say 20 years ago) more than anybody else who was present at the time of the event.
2) The second most knowledgeable person about that event would be the one who witnessed it, experimented it, or somehow had a close understanding of it.
3) The third knowledgeable person would be the one who was not present at the time of the event (say something that happened millions of years ago) but he or she could gather enough information, data, and evidence to build a theory about it. This information includes interviewing witnesses, reading notes or memoranda of the witnesses, examining the effect or the influence of the historical event on surroundings that can be compiled and examined today (such as crime evidence, DNA testing, fossils examination), and finding tested to be accurate artifacts and documents. Therefore, history is nothing but speculations and theories; some stronger and some weaker (with more or less evidence). The best historical evidence is observation (recording auditory or visually or both) and documentation (writing about the event in detail). It is also helpful to have some physical evidence, such as a sample. Investigation and interview of the witnesses have been proven useful. The history that Tabari wrote, especially the section related to the prophet and his followers was systematically organized by sending his pupils to interview descendants of those who lived at the time of the prophet and his followers, and socialized with them. His fact finding style was unique for the time, to call his book justifiably “the mother of histories”.
What is the oldest historical record? We have cave art that dates back to 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. Of course, the oldest written historical document had to be after 'writing' itself was invented. Until recently the oldest historical record had been the one discovered from Sumer (present day Iraq), appointing Sumerians inventors of writing. Carved in the limestone of a desert cliff in Egypt is a 5,250-year-old tableau of a victorious ruler, perhaps the so-called King Scorpion. The archaeologists who discovered the tableau say it may be the world's earliest historical document. More than that, they say, the inscribed scenes and symbols bear a strong resemblance to later hieroglyphs. The tableau, measuring 18 by 20 inches, was discovered in 1995 by John Coleman Darnell, a Yale Egyptologist, and his wife, Deborah Darnell, also a specialist in Egyptian archaeology, while they were surveying ancient trade routes in the desert west of the Nile.
History discloses events that explain formation of galaxy and origin of the first organism. Recent recorded history describes human actions in progressing to the present stage. Unfortunately, most of the history contains stories of kings and emperors and those with military power, not the populace. Reading pages of history explains how rapidly we have been evolving. We learn from history that with all the supernatural beliefs and all the crimes committed and criminals ruling nations, human being has been rapidly excelling, culturally and scientifically. Our thoughts are narrowing down to the direction of welfare of all. When we aim at satisfying the needs of all, we can achieve the democracy. Science of the past combined with historical theories are the best tools to guide us through a bright path that increasingly improves on the human understandings. Without the knowledge and understanding of the past events and their outcomes, any struggle in democratization of societies would be in vain. When atom was theorized by Democritus 2500 years ago, the impact of that was not known for hundreds of years. Natural selection concept opened a window that led a storm of knowledge in, that will take years to digest it all. Computing machines have advanced so rapidly that we cannot find any technology improving so fast. Information system has grown so quickly that we can no longer avoid being bombarded with information every minute (many software applications are written as a shield to protect us from un-wanted information). Map of genome was organized and biology has advanced so much that many health problems can be detected and fixed at its roots. DNA classification has become a common practice, and it is used for identification purposes, as well as other scientific reasons. All of these advancements in science, that have been achieved using the historical documents in learning experimentations and observations of predecessors, represent the trend of the society. Any part of the history, whether scientific discoveries or stories of kings and eunuchs are necessary in order to organize our thoughts in studying ways to achieve our goals in the future.
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